Brick-kiln



4 snets-sneez 1.

(No ModeL) J. G. ANDERSON;

1v, PETERS, Pholo'l'llhogflphar. Walhingtom u. c.

(no Model.) 4'sheets-jsn'etj2.

Y J. 0. ANDERSON.

, BRICK KILN.

No. 379,924. Patented Mar. 27, 1 888. v

(No Model.)

11.0. ANDERSON.

4 sheets-sheets.

BRICK KILN.

Patented'Mar. 27; 1888.

n PETERS. Pnomamo w, Wmhinginn. 01c

' 4 Sheet-Sheet (No Model.) 8 J. O. ANDERSON.

BRICK KILN.

UNITED STATES PATENT 1 OFFICE.

JAMES C. ANDERSON, OF HIGHLAND PARK, ILLINOIS.

BRlCK-KILN.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 379,924. dated March27,1888.

Application filed August 6, 1887.

' citizen of the United States of America, residing at Highland Park, inthe county of Lake and State of Illinois, have invented certain,

new and useful Improvements in Methods of Burning'Brick, Tiles, &c., ofwhich the following is a specification, reference being had therein tothe accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to. certain'improvements in methods of burningbrick, tile, and

other articles made from clay.

The object of my invention is to so construct akiln that the articles tobe burned therein will not be exposed-directly to the branding orvitrifying portion of the flame of the furnace; but the heat isdistributed throughout the kiln by transmission through the walls, andthen, by coming into direct contact afterward with the articles, theywill be evenly and uniformly burned throughout the kiln.

My invention consists, therefore, in combining the principles of thetWo'well-known types of kilns-viz.,the down and up draft kilns-the 0products of combustion being first carried up from the furnace and downthrough a chamber located between the outer wall of the kiln and theinside thereof, and then partially un der the floor of the kiln, andfinally projected into the kiln, coming into direct contact with thearticles to be burned, whereby the brick or articles nearest the furnaceand'at the sides of the kiln are burned by the heat transmitted throughthe inside lining of the kiln, and the bricks or articles more remotefrom the furnace or in the central portion of the kiln are burned bydirect contact with the products of combustion.

Other novel features in detail of construction will be fully described,and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a verticalsectional view on theline X X ofFig. 6. Fig. 2 is a sectional end view of a portion of the.roof or arch of the kiln. Fig. 3 is a top or plan view of a portion ofthe arch of the kiln with the outer wall removed. Fig. 4 is a side viewof a portion of the arch with outer wall removed. Fig. 5is a top or planview of the lower portion of the kiln, taken on the line X X of Fig. 1.Fig. 6 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view taken on the line 313/of Fig.

Serial No. 246,309. (No model.)

} 1. Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a modie fication in whichthe double wall on lining of the arch is omitted. Fig. 8 is a top orplan 'view of the lower portion of the kiln below the floor, showing thearrangement of the heat-- conducting fines.

It mustbe understood that in burning brick ed over and on the to'pof thearticles to be burned, andv is drawn down by the draft through thespaces or interstices leftfor such flame to the dues beneath connectingwith the 6 stack, and that bridge-walls of various construction are madefor guiding the first part of the flaine upward before striking the topof the material to be burned. By this method much loss is-experienced inbranding, melting, diso torting, and warping the goods at the first firecontact with the same on top of thekiln; also, that additional heat is.always thrown to this part of the kiln by the natural rising up of theheat to the highest point against the arches of 7 the kiln; and by thebest methods it has not been found practicable by the draft obtainedfrom the stack to draw'anequal portion of this heat down to the bottomof the kiln, and there fore in all cases the brick lying immediately 011the bottom and for several courses above the same must be left in asalmon or unburned condition, for should the fires be pushed to asufficlent degree of intensity to fully burn the brick of the kiln wouldsuffer to such an extent as to be entirely melted and renderedworthless. The samecondition takes: place to a large extent on the'sidesof the kilnthat is, the brick piled along the side walls of the kiln donot 0 receive sufficient of fire contact, or, rather,the heat absorbedby the walls of the kiln,-with v the air admitted through the cracksinthe side walls of the kiln, leaves the brick always in an unburnedcondition. .The same objec. 5 tionexists with the updraft kilns, but ina I reverse manner-z. e., the bricks in the arches. and lower portion ofthe kiln are overburned by contact with the fire, while the bricks inburned. or are of a salmon color. -To obviate this difficulty I causethe fire to be first projected up over the bridge-walls near the top ofthe kiln, and thento descend through the and articles of pottery by thewell -*known 60 downdraft system. the flame is first projecton thebottom of the kiln the brick on the top the top and on the sides of thekiln are underspaces formed by the solid wall between such spaces andthe main kiln-body down to and beneath the bottom or floor of the kilnand for a distance of about one-third of the length of the kiln beforeit is allowed toascend to the main chamber, and then to come in contactwith the articles to be burned, in which case the first or stronger partof the flame is made to give up its heat to the intervening wall orlining and to the floor beneath and transmitted by such lining orfloorto the brick,after which the flame, robbed of its damagingqualities, is made to come in direct contact with the brick, passing upthrough the same to the top ofthe kiln, and then down by the draftthrough the spaces formed by the lining of the kiln and the mainwallthereof to the flues beneath. The last part of the operation serves notonly to cut off the chilling influence of the air admitted through thecracks in the wall, but by heating the lining or jacket the heat iscommunicated to the brick piled in the main body of the kiln contiguousthereto, thus avoiding an overburning of the top of the kiln and cansinga full heat to be communicated to the bottom and sides thereof, and itis found in actual practice that the brick piled upon the bottom of thekiln are burned better than those at the top, notwithstanding thedowndraft character of the same, and the branding influence of the firstpart of the flame entirely avoided.

A indicates the outer walls of the kiln, which may be of any suitableconstruction and braced in any desirable manner.

B B are the furnaces, located at each end of the kiln, and are also ofany well-known or suit-able construction.

0 indicates the inner wall or lining of the kiln, constructed offire-brick or other refrac' tory material and separated from the outerwall a short distance, so as to leave a chamber or space, D, between thetwo walls. The interior wall or lining, O, is also arched, as shown inFigs. 1 and 6, and is provided with numerous holes or apertures, a,through which the heat or waste products of combustion pass to thechambers or spaces D in the sides of the kiln and from thence to thestack-fines.

The holes or apertures a in the arch of the lining of kiln are graduatedin size and are smaller as they approach the lower portion or base ofthe arch than they are in the crown of the arch, so as to check the heatand draw it up through the center of the kiln, thus preventing it fromtaking a short cut from the bottom of the kiln across to the bottom ofthe arch, as would be the case if apertures in the base of the arch wereof the same size as those in the crown.

In the modification shown in Fig. 7 the arch of the lining is dispensedwith, and in order to prevent the flame from passing diagonally anddirectly to the top of the chambers in the sides of the kiln I have thebrick set closer together in the sides near the base of the arch than inthe center, thus producing a like result. The end walls of the lining Oextend up to the arch of the outer wall, as shown 1n Fig.

6. so as to prevent the heat or flame from the furnace from enteringdirectly into the interior of the kiln. t E is a bridgewall or 6 re-baglocated between the furnace and the end wall, 0, of the llning,

said wall being separated from the liningwall, so as to leave an openspace or chamber,

F, which communicates with the fines G, lo-

cated below the floor of the kiln.

The flues'G near the furnace are covered by means of a firebrick floor,H, which extends back for some distance from the liningwall, for apurpose to be more fully described hereinafl er, while the otherportions of the fines are left open, so as to permit the flame andproduotsof combustion to pass up through the bricks. Each alternate flucG leading from the space or chamber F is closed in order to prevent theheat currents from the furnaces at each end of the kiln from coming incontact with each other, and also to direct such curo rents upwardthrough the bricks to be burned, as shown in Fig. 8.

I are openings through the arch of the kiln, which are controlled bysuitable dampers, K,

and communicate with suitable stacks, L, said dampers being opened whenit is desired to cool the brick and allow them to be removed from thekiln.

In operating,the bricks are piled in the kiln in any suitable manner.The fires are started in the furnaces B. The flame or products ofcombustion pass up over the bridge-wall E and down through the space orchamber F and enter the flues G below the floor of the kiln, and, afterpassing along below the solid portion H of the floor, find their way upthrough the perforations in the floor and through the articles in thekiln to the crown of the arch, and from thence to the spaces between thewalls of the kiln and to the stackflues below the floor of the kiln. Asbefore intimated, the first or stronger portion of the flame from thefurnaces gives up its heat to the wall or lining adjacent to thebridge-wall andto the solid portions of the floor of the kiln, andtransmits the heat to the bricks which are adjacent to the wall andbottom of the kiln, after which the flame, robbed of its dam agingqualities, is made to come into direct contact with the brick and topass up through the same. By this method it will be noticed that all thebricks or articles to be burned are subjected to a heat suificientlystrong to 001m pletely burn the same, while the bricks are protectedfrom the vitrifying or damaging portions of the flame.

I am aware that kilns have been constructed with afloorsupportingthearticles tobe burned, said floor having openings graduatedin area in accordance with their relation to the fireplaces, and such Ido not claim.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a kiln forburning brick, tiles,&c., the

flues or spaces F, leading from the furnaces into the flues G below thefioor of the kiln, said flues G being perforated at their rear ends,whereby the most Violent or hottest portion of the flame, as it comesfrom the furnace, is transmitted to the articles to be bu rned throughthe walls of the flues, and the milder portion of the flame isprecipitated into the articles in the middle of the kiln, as set forth.

2. In a kiln for burning brick, tiles,&c., the fines or spaces F,leading from the furnaces into the lines G below the floor of the kiln,said flues being perforated, as described, in combination with theopenings (1 in the arch of the kiln and chambers or spaces D in thesides of the kiln, as set forth.

3. In kilns for burning brick, tiles, &c., the inner arch or lining,which is provided with apertures a, said apertures being smaller at 20the base than at the crown of the arch,.whereby the heat isdrawn throughthe center of the kiln, as set forth.

4. In kilns for burning brick, 800., the bridgewalls E, separated fromthe walls O-by the chamber or flue F, through which the products ofcombustion pass, in combination with the 'flues G and solid floor H,whereby'the heat is transmitted to the brick to be burned in the endsand bottom of the kiln and finally projected among the articles in thecenter of the kiln, as set forth.

5. In kilns of the character described, the

flues G, arranged beneath the floor of the kiln, each alternate fluebeing closed at the end, as described, whereby the flames or products ofV combustion from the furnace will not come in collision with eachother.

In testimony whereof I affix my signaturev in presence of two witnesses.

J. O. ANDERSON.

